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In this post, we will learn about getch() and clrscr() functions in C++. These functions are defined in non-standard “conio.h” header file which stands for Console Input/Output. This header file contains functions for console input/output and mostly used in turbo C++.

C free download. Lib CONIO (conioam.h) GCC C New version 6.2 in 2020.04.07. This project presents clone of the Borland Turbo C/C or Embarcader. DevCpp IDE for C/C has gcc/g compiler version which do not have conio.h header file. ‘conio.h' is included in MSDOS compilers but not in gcc/g. Hence, you cannot include conio.h in DevC. But still there are certain substitute which may be considered in place of conio.h.

getch() in C++

getch() is a predefined non-standard function in “conio.h” header. It is used to tell the compiler to wait until the user enters a character. This is often used at the end of the main function (before the return statement) so that we can see the output. If we don’t use getch() at the end, the program is executed but we cannot see the output.

See the example code.

The output of the above code is:

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After the output is shown, getch() waits for the user to enter any character. Hence the user can view the output on the console until he presses any key on the keyboard.

Now if we remove getch() statement from the example code, the program is compiled successfully. But the console turns off as soon as the program is executed completely which is, in general, a matter of milliseconds.

Let’s understand this using delay() function of C++. If you don’t know about the delay() function, see this : Delay() function in C++

In the below example we are printing a statement and then creating a 3-second delay. See how it works.

Output:

You can see that after printing the output, the compiler waits for 3 seconds before the console turns off.

Also, see this to understand getch() better.

The output of this program is:

Note: I have given t as an input here.

Here, as you can see getch() stores the value of given character in variable a. The last getch() has been used to view the output.

clrscr() in C++

clrscr() function is also a non-standard function defined in “conio.h” header. This function is used to clear the console screen. It is often used at the beginning of the program (mostly after variable declaration but not necessarily) so that the console is clear for our output.

See the code here.

Output:

The below code will help you understand the functioning of clrscr().

Output:
For the first 3 seconds:

After 3 seconds,

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How to Install Dev-C++ and the GLUT Libraries
for Compiling OpenGL Programs with ANSI C

(version of July 16, 2009)

These notes explain how to compile programs written in ANSI C with OpenGL and GLUT using the Dev-C++ compiler.

Bloodshed Dev-C++ is a free C++ compiler and development environment for Windows operating systems. Like most C++ compilers, it also can be used to compile ANSI C. By installing the GLUT header and library files, it can be used to write programs that use OpenGL. This is needed to run programs for Edward Angel's textbook, Interactive Computer Graphics 5^th edition and possibly other computer graphics texts.

These notes do not explain how to compile OpenGL with C++ . The 6^th edition of Angel's book uses C++ which will not work with these notes.

These instructions have been tested on a small variety of Windows 2000 and Windows XP systems. These systems come with the files needed for OpenGL, but not the files needed for GLUT.

Dev-C++ does not work well with Microsoft's Vista. The problem, and a possible fix, is discussed here: http://aresio.blogspot.com/2007/06/vista-and-dev-cpp.html but I have not tested this information.

I. Download Dev-C++ from http://www.bloodshed.net/dev/devcpp.html and install it.

Details:

Get Dev-C++ 5.0 beta 9.2 (4.9.9.2) (9.0 MB) with Mingw/GCC 3.4.2 Although this is a 'beta' version, it works perfectly fine. Click on SourceForge to go to a list of download sites and pick one. The file will be something like devcpp4.9.9.2_setup.exe. Save this file in a place like C:Temp.

When the download is complete, click on the 'open' button to start the installation process. (Or go to C:Temp andDouble click on devcpp4.9.9.2_setup.exe). You will see a few screens that ask you to pick a language (English) and to agree to the license terms. Choose a 'typical' installation.

Accept the suggested destination for the installation:

Many subdirectories and files are extracted to the destintion:

Answer 'yes' when it asks if you wish to install Dev-cpp for all users. Note: if the installation fails, re-install and try 'no' for this.

A screen says the installation is complete:

Keep the check mark in the box. Click on 'Finish'. A first-time configuration screen appears:

Pick 'English' and 'New Look'. In the next several screens, hit 'Yes' for its suggestions.

Eventually you are done. Click 'OK'.

II. DEV-C++ starts up. Try out the installation with a simple C program.

Details:

The program starts up automatically.

Click File/New/Project. Pick a name for the project (such as 'myProject'). Click 'C Project'. Click on 'Empty Project'. Click 'OK'.

In 'Create New Project', click 'save' (later on you will probably want to create separate subdirectories for your various projects.).

Click 'File/New/Source File' and in 'Add source file to current project' click 'Yes'. You now get a screen where you can edit the source file.

Type in a simple C program, as below. Now click 'File/Save As' and save the file as 'hello.c' (or other name.) Important: be sure that the file extension is .c. With any other extension (such as the suggested .cpp) you will have problems compiling.

Now click 'Execute/Compile and Run'

The program will (hopefully) compile, run, and write its output to a DOS window. If you have the system('pause') statement in your program, the output will stay in the window until you hit a key. Another way to run the program (after it has been compiled) is to start a DOS window outside of the Dev-Cpp system, then navigate to the subdirectory that holds your project, and type hello.exe.

At this point, the compiler and development environment has been installed. You should find Dev-C++ listed under 'Programs' on the 'Start' menu and will now be able to write, compile, and run C (and C++) programs. You will have include files, libraries, and dll's for OpenGL (and all other standard packages) but not GLUT. GLUT manages the windows and other user interface components needed for OpenGL programming, and needs to be separately installed.

If you do not need GLUT , you can quit now.

III. Download and install GLUT

To run OpenGL with GLUT (which is what the programs in Angel's book use), you need to get three files and place each file in its proper directory. All the files you need (and more) are contained in one zip file.

Details:

Download GLUT files from http://chortle.ccsu.edu/Bloodshed/glutming.zip Download the file glutming.zip Save the zip file in some convenient location (perhaps C:temp).

Double click on glutming.zip (or otherwise unzip it). You will see the files that are in the zip archive. (Your un-zipping program will probably be diferent than the one shown here, but should work about the same.)